NASA

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

STS-118 (Endeavour)

This Space Shuttle flight fulfilled the Challenger mission goal of putting a teacher in space when Barbara Morgan, Christa McAuliffe's backup, flew on the Shuttle built to take Challenger's place. Morgan recorded lessons and talked to school kids during the flight in addition to her duties on the mission. The flight delivered supplies and the S5 spacer truss to the International Space Station and continued the electrical rewiring of the outpost.

The first reusable launch and landing spacecraft, the Space Shuttle began a new chapter of human space exploration. It launched like a rocket but landed on a runway like a plane. Shuttle crews deployed dozens of commercial satellites and two interplanetary probes to Venus and Jupiter. The Shuttle served as a mini space station and hosted hundreds of biomedical, psychological, physiological, materials science, and physics experiments that have directly benefited life on Earth. The five flight-worthy Shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour -- flew 135 missions over 30 years. The Shuttles helped construct the Russian Mir space station and brought nearly 80% of the International Space Station to orbit. Shuttles also deployed and serviced the Hubble Space Telescope.

Space Shuttle

Barbara R. Morgan

United States of America

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

STS-90 (Columbia)

This dedicated research flight of Columbia was Spacelab's final mission. It was called Neurolab and examined the effects of microgravity on the nervous system. The mission was a 26 experiment partnership between six space agencies and seven U.S. research institutes.

Dafydd Williams

Canada

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

Soyuz TMA-16M

Soyuz TMA-16M ferried three members of the Expedition 43 crew to the International Space Station. This mission launch the "Year In Space" flight of Kelly and Kornienko on the Station. Padalka landed after a six-month mission on the ISS. The flight also landed ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen and Kazakh cosmonaut Aimbetov.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

STS-103 (Discovery)

The third servicing and upgrade mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.

Soyuz TMA-01M

Soyuz TMA-01M ferried three members of the Expedition 25 crew to the International Space Station. This was the first flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant.

Scott J. Kelly

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total spacewalking time.

Elite Spacewalker

This astronaut is in the top 5% for number of space walks.

Frequent Walker

STS-106 (Atlantis)

This was the third of three missions to prepare the International Space Station for permanent human habitation, delivering and unpacking vital supplies and connecting cables and data lines to Russia's newly arrived Zvezda service module.

STS-131 (Discovery)

STS-131 delivered over 70 science experiments, a crew living space, and an ammonia cooling unit to the International Space Station. The mission marked the final night launch of the Space Shuttle, the first time four women were in space together, the first time two Japanese citizens were in space together, and the final time a rookie astronaut flew on the Shuttle.

Soyuz TMA-11M

Soyuz TMA-11M ferried three members of the Expedition 38 crew to the International Space Station.

Richard A. Mastracchio

STS-104 (Atlantis)

Atlantis' crew delivered the Quest Joint Airlock to the International Space Station.

STS-129 (Atlantis)

The 31st flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis delivered 12,532 kg of spare parts and components to the International Space Station. Randy Bresnik became a father while flying this mission. His Space Shuttle and ISS crewmates congratulated him with candy cigars, as smoking is not permitted on the ISS. This marked the second and most recent time two people of African descent flew a mission together.

Charles O. Hobaugh

Roscosmos

Belarus Space Agency

Soyuz MS-25

Russia

Belarus

Roscosmos launched a Russian cosmonaut, a NASA astronaut, and a Belarusian astronaut to the Rassvet module of the International Space Station.

Soyuz TMA-18

Soyuz TMA-18 ferried three members of the Expedition 23 crew to the International Space Station.

Tracy C. Dyson

STS-133 (Discovery)

The 39th and final flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The six-person (human) crew delivered to the International Space Station: NASA's final module, Leonardo; 3,735 kg of external equipment and spares; and the humanoid robotic ISScrewmember, Rorbonaut2. Discovery also performed the final hardware and software test of SpaceX's DragonEye sensors for the cargo Dragon resupply capsule. Upon landing, Discovery became the first Space Shuttle to retire from service, having traveled 238,539,663 km over a total of 365 days (one full year) in space. She carried 252 total crewmembers over a 27-year career, making Discovery the current spacecraft to have carried the most people to space.

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