NASA

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

Soyuz TMA-09M

Soyuz TMA-09M ferried three members of the Expedition 36 crew to the International Space Station.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

STS-124 (Discovery)

Discovery's crew installed the International Space Station's largest module, the Japanese Experiment Module. The flight rotated a single ISS crewmember.

The first reusable launch and landing spacecraft, the Space Shuttle began a new chapter of human space exploration. It launched like a rocket but landed on a runway like a plane. Shuttle crews deployed dozens of commercial satellites and two interplanetary probes to Venus and Jupiter. The Shuttle served as a mini space station and hosted hundreds of biomedical, psychological, physiological, materials science, and physics experiments that have directly benefited life on Earth. The five flight-worthy Shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour -- flew 135 missions over 30 years. The Shuttles helped construct the Russian Mir space station and brought nearly 80% of the International Space Station to orbit. Shuttles also deployed and serviced the Hubble Space Telescope.

Space Shuttle

Karen L. Nyberg

United States of America

STS-108 (Endeavour)

The first Space Shuttle mission after the September 11th attacks, this flight's launch time was classified for added security, a practice that would continue through January 2003. The flight resupplied the International Space Station and rotated the Expedition 3 and 4 crews.

STS-121 (Discovery)

The second Return To Flight Space Shuttle mission after Columbia demonstrated all safety enhancements, this flight resupplied and prepared the International Space Station for the restart of construction and increased the Station's crew size back to three people. This mission was the third Return To Flight mission overall for the Shuttle Program, and all three were flown by Discovery.

STS-134 (Endeavour)

The 25th and final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. The mission coincidentally launched on the 19th anniversary of Endeavour landing on her maiden voyage in 1992. This flight saw the crew deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer antimatter detector experiment and an external spares pallet to the International Space Station. The mission marked "Assembly Complete" for NASA's portion of the ISS with the transfer of Endeavour's heatshield scanning boom to the ISS to extend the reach of Canadarm2. This marked the final time a non-American flew on the Space Shuttle. Endeavour landed on June 1st, 2011, becoming the second Shuttle to retire. She spent a total of 299 days in space, traveled 197,761,262 km, and carried 173 crewmembers across a 19-year career.

Mark E. Kelly

Roscosmos

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total spacewalking time.

Elite Spacewalker

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

This astronaut is in the top 5% for number of space walks.

Frequent Walker

STS-112 (Atlantis)

Atlantis' crew delivered the S1 truss to the International Space Station. A piece of foam broke off the External Tank during launch and damaged a part of one of the Shuttle's Solid Rocket Boosters, foreshadowing the Columbia accident two missions later. NASA managers decided it was safe to keep flying.

Soyuz TMA-10

Soyuz TMA-10 ferried part of the Expedition 15 crew to and from the International Space Station. Space Tourist Simonyi joined for a short duration mission, returning to Earth on Soyuz TMA-9. During reentry, the Service Module failed to fully separate from the Descent Module, triggering a harsh, steep reentry and landing. Investigators misidentified the cause of the failure, leading it to reoccur on Soyuz TMA-11.

Soyuz TMA-19

Soyuz TMA-19 ferried three members of the Expedition 24 crew to the International Space Station.

Soyuz MS-04

Soyuz MS-04 took two members of the Expedition 51 crew to the International Space Station. Peggy Whitson, who launched on Soyuz MS-03, returned to Earth on this mission.

Fyodor Yurchikhin

Russia

Soyuz TMA-02M

Soyuz TMA-02M ferried three members of the Expedition 28 crew to the International Space Station.

Michael E. Fossum

STS-132 (Atlantis)

Space Shuttle Atlantis' six-person crew delivered the Russian Mini Research Module, Rassvet, to the International Space Station as well as 1,913 kg of external spare parts. This was originally Atlantis' final flight. Eight months after this mission ended, NASA added one more flight to the Space Shuttle program and assigned Atlantis to fly what would ultimately become the Shuttle program's final voyage. As such, this flight is lovingly referred to as "The first last flight of Atlantis." The crew signed their names on a locker in Atlantis, believing it to be her final flight. NASA instructed all crews on pending final Space Shuttle flights to not repeat this crew's actions. The signatures, however, were never removed.

Kenneth T. Ham

Soyuz TMA-21

Soyuz TMA-21 ferried three members of the Expedition 27 crew to the International Space Station.

Ronald J. Garan Jr.

NASDA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

SpaceX

European Space Agency (ESA)

SpaceX Crew-2

France

Japan

Crew-2 is SpaceX's second operational flight of its Crew Dragon human spacecraft and the first reuse of a Crew Dragon capsule. This is the first flight of a European astronaut on Crew Dragon and the first time since 1965 that two US crew missions will be in space at the same time as the Crew-1 flight is still docked to the Space Station. Megan McArthur became only the fourth woman to pilot a US human space mission on this flight.

Crew Dragon is the first privately built and operated orbital spacecraft capable of flying humans. As a reusable SpaceX capsule, it transports crew members to and from the International Space Station. It will also carry paying customers to the Station and low Earth orbit. While it typically accommodates a crew of four, this number can vary depending on the mission.

Crew Dragon

Soyuz TMA-05M

Soyuz TMA-05M ferried three members of the Expedition 32 crew to the International Space Station.

Akihiko Hoshide

Gregory E. Chamitoff

Soyuz MS-13

Soyuz MS-13 took three members of the Expedition 60 crew to the International Space Station. Christina Koch, who launched on Soyuz MS-12, landed on this mission after a year in space.

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