National Centre for Space Studies (CNES)

European Space Agency (ESA)

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

STS-122 (Atlantis)

Atlantis brought ESA's Columbus science module up to the International Space Station and rotated a single ISS crewmember.

The first reusable launch and landing spacecraft, the Space Shuttle began a new chapter of human space exploration. It launched like a rocket but landed on a runway like a plane. Shuttle crews deployed dozens of commercial satellites and two interplanetary probes to Venus and Jupiter. The Shuttle served as a mini space station and hosted hundreds of biomedical, psychological, physiological, materials science, and physics experiments that have directly benefited life on Earth. The five flight-worthy Shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour -- flew 135 missions over 30 years. The Shuttles helped construct the Russian Mir space station and brought nearly 80% of the International Space Station to orbit. Shuttles also deployed and serviced the Hubble Space Telescope.

Space Shuttle

Soyuz TM-27

Soyuz TM-27 ferried the EO-24 long duration crew to Space Station Mir and the French PEGASE mission to the station.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

Léopold Eyharts

France

STS-55 (Columbia)

The second German-sponsored Space Shuttle flight saw 88 experiments from 11 nations taken to orbit.  A March launch attempt ended at T-3 seconds with an on-pad abort and emergency shutdown of Columbia's engines after a failure was detected.

Hans Schlegel

Germany

Roscosmos

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total spacewalking time.

Elite Spacewalker

Soyuz TM-19

This mission brought the EO-16 long duration crew to Space Station Mir and returned them safely to Earth.

Soyuz TM-32

This was the first Soyuz visitation mission to the International Space Station. The flight swapped out Soyuz lifeboats for the three-person Expedition 2 crew.

Talgat Musabayev

Kazakhstan

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

This astronaut is in the top 5% for number of space walks.

Frequent Walker

STS-113 (Endeavour)

Endeavour rotated the Expedition 5 and 6 International Space Station crews and delivered the P1 truss to the ISS. Construction of the ISS was halted after this mission and did not resume until 2006 due to the loss of Space Shuttle Columbia and her seven-person crew on the next Shuttle flight. After four days of landing delays because of weather, this mission holds the record for most delayed landing attempts of a human spaceflight.

STS-71 (Atlantis)

In a historic step toward the International Space Station, Atlantis performed the first docking of a U.S. Space Shuttle to the Russian space station Mir. A U.S. astronaut permanently joined Mir's crew.

Nikolai Budarin

Russia

NASA

STS-110 (Atlantis)

Atlantis delivered the S0 truss to the International Space Station, the backbone of the international outpost. Jerry Ross became the first person to launch to space seven times.

Stephen N. Frick

United States of America

STS-135 (Atlantis)

"Having fired the imagination of a generation, a ship like no other, its place in history secured, the Shuttle pulls into port for the last time. Its voyage, at an end." - Rob Navias, NASA commentator. After a storied 30 year career, Atlantis brought the Space Shuttle Program to a successful close with her 33rd and final mission. The four-person crew delivered thousands of kilograms of supplies to the International Space Station. Before leaving, the Atlantis crew left a small American flag behind for the first crew of a then yet-to-be determined commercial crew vehicle to retrieve and bring home. With Atlantis' landing, the U.S. voluntarily gave up the ability to launch humans to space, triggering the longest stand-down in U.S. human launch operations lasting 8 years and 10 months. NASA, ESA, Japan, and Canada were subsequently forced to rely on a single Russian rocket and spacecraft to ferry all crew to and from the ISS until 2020. Atlantis landed for the final time on July 21st, 2011. Over a 26-year career, Atlantis spent 306 days in space, traveled 202,673,974 km, and carried 207 crewmembers. Twenty-two of her 33 missions were international in nature, making Atlantis the most international launch and landing spacecraft in history.

Rex J. Walheim

STS-131 (Discovery)

STS-131 delivered over 70 science experiments, a crew living space, and an ammonia cooling unit to the International Space Station. The mission marked the final night launch of the Space Shuttle, the first time four women were in space together, the first time two Japanese citizens were in space together, and the final time a rookie astronaut flew on the Shuttle.

Alan G. Poindexter

STS-129 (Atlantis)

The 31st flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis delivered 12,532 kg of spare parts and components to the International Space Station. Randy Bresnik became a father while flying this mission. His Space Shuttle and ISS crewmates congratulated him with candy cigars, as smoking is not permitted on the ISS. This marked the second and most recent time two people of African descent flew a mission together.

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