National Centre for Space Studies (CNES)

European Space Agency (ESA)

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

STS-111 (Endeavour)

This Space Shuttle flight rotated the Expedition 4 and 5 International Space Station crews and delivered Canadarm2's Mobile Base System, which gave the arm extra reach and mobility.

The first reusable launch and landing spacecraft, the Space Shuttle began a new chapter of human space exploration. It launched like a rocket but landed on a runway like a plane. Shuttle crews deployed dozens of commercial satellites and two interplanetary probes to Venus and Jupiter. The Shuttle served as a mini space station and hosted hundreds of biomedical, psychological, physiological, materials science, and physics experiments that have directly benefited life on Earth. The five flight-worthy Shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour -- flew 135 missions over 30 years. The Shuttles helped construct the Russian Mir space station and brought nearly 80% of the International Space Station to orbit. Shuttles also deployed and serviced the Hubble Space Telescope.

Space Shuttle

Philippe Perrin

France

STS-111 EVA 1

STS-111 EVA 3

STS-111 EVA 2

NASA

This astronaut is in the top 5% for number of missions.

Frequent Flyer

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

STS-61-C (Columbia)

Space Shuttle Columbia returned to service after a major overhaul and upgrade with this mission. The crew included U.S. Congressman Bill Nelson of Florida. The flight deployed Satcom K1, which would prove to be the last commercial communications satellite launched by the Shuttle. It was the last successful human spaceflight before the Challenger Disaster. This mission was retroactively called "The End of Innocence" by its Commander.

STS-91 (Discovery)

This was the ninth and final Space Shuttle docking to Space Station Mir and Discovery's only trip to the Russian space station. Discovery's crew tested new robotic arm software and the Orbiter Space Vision System that would be needed during construction of the International Space Station. This flight returned the final long duration NASA astronaut from Mir.

STS-34 (Atlantis)

Atlantis' five-person crew deployed the Galileo spacecraft toward Jupiter and performed eight scientific experiments.

STS-46 (Atlantis)

This mission deployed ESA's European Retrievable Carrier satellite, was the first to test the joint NASA/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System, and marked the 150th human spaceflight to reach orbit.

STS-75 (Columbia)

This joint NASA-ESA mission saw the crew continue testing the Italian Tethered Satellite System and perform a variety of materials science and physics experiments.

STS-60 (Discovery)

This was the first flight of the Shuttle-Mir program, the first time a Russian launched on an American rocket, and the first time a U.S. crew communicated with a Russian crew on the Mir space station. The mission also performed several immune system and crystal growth experiments.

Franklin R. Chang-Díaz

United States of America

STS-56 (Discovery)

This was the second flight of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science pallet and focused on the relationship between the Sun and the Earth. The mission deployed and re-captured the SPARTAN-201 satellite.

STS-69 (Endeavour)

This mission was largely a testbed for the International Space Station, allowing NASA to test construction tools and procedures as well as gather data on life support equipment needed for the Station.

STS-80 (Columbia)

This multifaceted science mission deployed and re-captured two satellites and tested the effects of spaceflight on the cardiovascular system. It was the longest Space Shuttle mission, lasting 17 days 15 hours.

STS-98 (Atlantis)

The first human spaceflight launch of the 21st century brought the U.S. Destiny lab to the International Space Station.

Kenneth D. Cockrell

Roscosmos

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

Soyuz TM-24

Soyuz TM-24 was a crew ferry flight to and from Space Station Mir. It delivered part of the EO-21 long duration crew to the station.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

Valery Korzun

Russia

STS-113 (Endeavour)

Endeavour rotated the Expedition 5 and 6 International Space Station crews and delivered the P1 truss to the ISS. Construction of the ISS was halted after this mission and did not resume until 2006 due to the loss of Space Shuttle Columbia and her seven-person crew on the next Shuttle flight. After four days of landing delays because of weather, this mission holds the record for most delayed landing attempts of a human spaceflight.

Paul S. Lockhart

Axiom Space

SpaceX

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total spacewalking time.

Elite Spacewalker

This astronaut is in the top 5% for number of space walks.

Frequent Walker

Axiom-2

Saudi Arabia

SpaceX and Axiom launched the second all-private astronaut crew to the ISS. The Ax-2 crew spent 8 days working and living on the International Space Station to implement a full mission manifest of science, outreach, and commercial activities.

Crew Dragon is the first privately built and operated orbital spacecraft capable of flying humans. As a reusable SpaceX capsule, it transports crew members to and from the International Space Station. It will also carry paying customers to the Station and low Earth orbit. While it typically accommodates a crew of four, this number can vary depending on the mission.

Crew Dragon

Axiom-4

India

Poland

Hungary

SpaceX and Axiom launched an all-private mission to the International Space Station. The Ax-4 crew lived and worked on the station, carrying out a full schedule of scientific, outreach, and commercial activities.

Soyuz TMA-11

Soyuz TMA-11 ferried part of the Expedition 16 crew to and from the International Space Station. Malaysian astronaut Shukor joined for a short duration mission, returning to Earth on Soyuz TMA-10. During reentry, the Service Module failed to separate from the Descent Module, resulting in a harsh and steep reentry and landing. The Soyuz reentered hatch first, nearly causing a burn through and the loss of the crew. The Service Module finally tore free, and Soyuz righted itself and landed safely.

Soyuz MS-03

Soyuz MS-03 took three members of the Expedition 50 crew to the International Space Station. Whitson remained on the ISS after Soyuz MS-03's mission was complete and landed with the Soyuz MS-04

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