Aditya L1 will be the first space based Indian mission to study the Sun. The spacecraft shall be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth.

A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/eclipses. This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium

The suits of Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide most crucial informations to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields etc.

Science Objectives:

The major science objectives of Aditya-L1 mission are:

Study of Solar upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics.

Study of chromospheric and coronal heating, physics of the partially ionized plasma, initiation of the coronal mass ejections, and flares

Observe the in-situ particle and plasma environment providing data for the study of particle dynamics from the Sun.

Physics of solar corona and its heating mechanism.

Diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loops plasma: Temperature, velocity and density.

Development, dynamics and origin of CMEs.

Identify the sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers (chromosphere, base and extended corona) which eventually leads to solar eruptive events.

Magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona.

Drivers for space weather (origin, composition and dynamics of solar wind.

The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere mainly the chromosphere and corona. In-situ instruments will observe the local environment at L1. There are total seven payloads on-board with four of them carrying out remote sensing of the Sun and three of them carrying in-situ observation.

Credit: ISRO

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle - XL (PSLV-XL) is the six side-mounted solid rocket booster configuration of the overall PSLV family of expendable rockets flown by India.

It is the most-used rocket of the PSLV line and is capable of launching missions to the Moon and Mars.

Its first flight occurred on October 22nd, 2008.

The rocket uses a mixture of solid and liquid propellant stages to get to orbit. The first stage, also called the core, is a solid propellant rocket, and the six side-mounted solid propellant boosters are bolted to it.

A liquid fueled second stage then takes over, followed by a third stage that is powered by solid propellant.

A liquid fueled fourth stage serves as the final part of the rocket. The engines on this stage are restartable to place satellites into their proper orbits.

Image: ISRO

Satish Dhawan Space Centre or Sriharikota Range is a rocket launch center operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It is located in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.

Chosen for its remote location, the center became operational in 1971 and hosted its first launch that year for a suborbital mission.

The first orbital launch took place on August 10, 1979.

The spaceport received its current name in 2005 when it was named in honor of Satish Dhawan, the former head of the Indian Space Research Organisation.

The facility has two launch pads and will be the base of India's upcoming human spaceflight program.

Image: ISRO